There are more information about aperture than many feelings. Some hoggwash is also provoked by some people. Therefore, by getting caught up with more than basic things, one can control more accurately how your photos look.
Recently, I wrote an article about shutter speed and how it affects the overall look of an image. It raised questions about the aperture that I expect to answer here, as well as some other aspects that we should consider with our photography. There is a lot to learn about the aperture, and to cover all the necessary things for an article, so it is the first of the two parts. In addition, it is aimed at the beginning of beginners. So I have simplified some explanations to reduce understanding. I am not erroneous and going into an intensive discussion about confusion, for example, because it will affect some readers.
What is an aperture?
When I see the dictionary definition of an aperture, it says that it is an opening, hole or difference. In photography, this is. This is the difference in lens through which light passes.
Just as the iris of your eye increases and shrinks to give less or less light through your effigy, similarly changing the aperture size of the lens vary the amount of light passing through it. The aperture is sometimes referred to as a pupil. In addition, the blades that open and close the aperture are referred to as the iris.
Understand aperture
Each aperture is allocated a number, known as F-Number. This is the same that affects a lot of novice photographers, but it is not difficult to understand.
As the aperture becomes small, less light is found through the lens. Because these small apertures have low light, the shutter needs to be open for a long time to collect the same amount of light. This is a slow shutter speed. A wide aperture gives a lot of light, so the shutter intensifies.
More than this, and it contains a small amount of simple mathematics. But stay with me – if you can divide and multiply, keep reading, because it is all involved.
What is F-Number?
F-Number is a aperture size calculation. What people catch here: A large number represents a small aperture. This does not understand until you know how it works.
The diameter of F-Number aperture is not a direct measurement. This is the focal length of the lens divided by that diameter. For example, if the focal length of a lens is 50 mm and the diameter of the aperture is 25 mm, then there will be F-Number 2, which is usually known as F/2. There will be a 100 mm lens F/4 with 25 mm aperture. Therefore, a 100 mm F/2 lens will require 50 mm aperture.
It is easy to forget. So here is a memory ad: although “F” stands for the focal, think about it stands for the fraction. Since it is smaller than ½, which is smaller than ½, so f/8 f/4 is smaller than f/2.
Typically, on a zoom lens, as the lens becomes long, although the aperture remains the same, F-Number becomes larger. (There are exceptions that I will meet later.)
Find the F-Numbers of your lens
The F-Number range is usually written on the outer part of the lens. For example, low-quality 18–55 mm f/3.5–5.6 kit lenses that are supplied with cheap entry-level cameras are usually zoom of f/3.5 at 18 mm and f/5.6 zoom in 55 mm. Similarly, a budget will be zoomed out at 75–300 mm f/4–5.6 f/4 at 75 mm and f/5.6 at 300 mm.
One in the following image OM system 150-600 mm f/5-6.3 lensesThe most comprehensive aperture at 150 mm will be F/5 and the lens will decrease as zoom to f/6.3 at 600 mm.
At the other end of the spectrum, the professional 12–40 mm f/2.8 and 150–400 mm F/4.5 lenses are the apertures that have been set in their limits due to some clever design. For example, my favorite lens is currently Om System M. Zuico is 150-400 mm F/4.5 TC 1.25 Pro LensesIn which its zoom range has a certain F-number.
When the lens is on the camera, you should be able to see F-Number through the visiblely. This will change because you spin the adjustment dial, sometimes called command dial.
What is F-stop?
An F-stop is a word that is often used interconnected with F-Number. However, this is not enough. F-Number is a numerical value that we place on each stop. An F-stop is an interval that half or doubles the amount of light passing through the lens.
The scale of F-stop looks like this: F/1, F/1.4, F/2, F/2.8, F/4, F/8, F/8, F/11, F/16, F/22, F/32.
F/1 f/1.4, and F/4 gives twice through twice through more light as f/2.
However, there are lenses that have some apertures that do not sit on that scale. For example, you can have f/1.7 like this great little Meike mk-35 mm lens It costs around $ 80.
If you want equal amount of light to hit the sensor, then the exposure remains the same, with each full F-stop you have to change the shutter speed with a full stop.
You will sometimes listen to the term stop used when mentioning image stabilization. If you can hand over an unstable lens at 1/500 seconds, two stops of stabilization will allow you to double twice: 1/500 × 2 × 2 = 4/500 = 1/125. Now you can hand it over at 1/125 seconds. Good quality systems give you 7 or 8 stops of stabilization.
How to affect the shutter speed by changing F-Number
To recurrence, as we have displayed, changing the F-Number affects the amount of light entering the camera. In turn, the shutter affects the required shutter speed to obtain proper exposure. We have also demonstrated that a low F-Number (large aperture) allows more light, enabling sharp shutter speeds. In contrast, a high F-number (small aperture) reduces light, thus requiring slow shutter speed to maintain the same exposure.
With each full F-stop, you will have to replace the shutter speed by full break if you want the same amount of light to hit the sensor and exposure to remain the same.
Benefits of fast lens
Low F-numbers are often referred to as fast lenses, as they enable rapid shutter speeds. Fast lenses, with their broad maximum aperture (eg, f/1.4, f/1.8), provide many advantages:
-
Low-light performance: They allow more light to enter, making them ideal to be photographed in low-light conditions because they enable sharp shutter speeds.
-
shallow depth of field: The depth of the field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a picture that appears acceptable. Except for a wider aperture, the fast lens theme helps to separate the subject from the background by blurring everything.
-
Fast shutter speed: They enable sharp shutter speeds, thus lowering motion spots in action shots.
Why fast lenses are more expensive
Fast lenses are more expensive due to their complexity, accuracy and better construction. Large, high quality glass elements with advanced optical designs increase their production costs, as other construction materials. In addition, mechanical techniques used to replace focusing, zooming and aperture are more advanced than cheap lenses.
For example, Nikon AF-S Nikkor 800 mm F/5.6 EF Ad VR There is a luxurious, fast, tall lens, but it will be beyond the budget of many photographers.
Effect of aperture on the depth of the area
I will talk more about the depth of the field in the next article. How much photo is there in Dof focus.
The above images were shot with Sigma 30 mm f/1.4 lens. The image of the left hand was shot at f/1.4. Meanwhile, one on the right was shot at f/11 using the same lens.
So, the smaller the aperture (high F-number), the area will be more depth.
You will also see that in the first picture, I focused on a topic very close to the camera. Close to the subject also makes a difference. The closer you get, the deepening of the field turns out to be. I will argue that you can get a shallow depth of the area by getting closer to the subject more easily than opening the aperture.
The clear dof can also be affected using a long lens. This Gal was photographed with a long lens.
For now, it is probably more than enough to take all at once. Please bookmark this article so that you can come with me with it Previous article on shutter speed.Nif you have a question or comment, write them down and I will answer one of our friendly readers. So you have time to digest it, part will be with two in a week.
