In my previous article, we did a adventure work that started with one Basic understanding of measurement and exposureHopefully, you appreciate how the camera measures light and its aperture, ISO and shutter speed can be balanced to correctly highlight the image. Each of them changes in the way the image appears, and what aperture does here.
If you have not done Read my previous article And are uncertain about measurement and exposure, it is worth reviewing it before reading it.
As we discussed last time, reducing the aperture size reduces the amount of light passing through the lens. This, in turn, will affect the shutter speed, which will change the look of your photo. I will discuss further next time. However, in this article, we examine the aperture and its effect on your photos.
Why F-Numbers are back in front?
First, let’s talk about F-Numbers. It seems reverse that as the F-Number increases, the size of the aperture decreases. But there is a reason for this, and it is primary mathematics.
Each lens has a focal length, which is usually measured in millimeters. The longer the focal length is as long as the angle of viewing.
So, a wide-angle lens can be something like 12 mm, and a lot of visual will appear in the picture. As a result, the object will appear to shrink in size and look more far. Meanwhile, as the lens becomes long, the angle of view decreases. So, a 300 mm lens has a narrow angle.
Strange, we do not call it a narrow-angle lens, but a telephoto. “Tele” is Greek for “distant”. Telephoto lenses are visible closely to distant objects. Although photography is a science, it is inconsistent on talking of naming.
If we divide the focal length from the diameter of the aperture, we get F-Number. So, on a 50 mm lens with a 25 mm aperture, F-number 50 mm the 25 mm = F/2. However, if you have a 25 mm aperture on a 100 mm lens, F-number will be more: 100 mm out 25 mm = F/4. On 100 mm lens, the aperture will require 50 mm to be f/2.
It is important to remember that F/2 will allow equal quantity of light to every lens. (It is slightly more complicated by that, but it keeps keeping it simple.)
Similarly, as we shrink the aperture, F-Number increases. For example, 50 mm. 4.545 mm = F/11.
A wider aperture lens is sometimes called fast lens compared to other people of the same focal length. This is because they enable sharp shutter speed. Other people refer to them as bright lenses as they let them go through more light.
If we had a 300 mm lens and wanted it to be F/2, the aperture should be crossed 150 mm. As a result, the lens and glass will need to be quite large, and therefore the cost will be quite high.
Here is an easy way to remember how the aperture becomes small as the F-number grows. Although the “F” stands for the focal in F-Number, if you think it as standing for the fraction. ½, is larger than that in turn is larger than 1/8.
The widest aperture of your lens is usually written at the edge or end of the lens, usually as a ratio. For example, the lens I have in front of me reads 1: 2.8. Therefore, the widest aperture is f/2.8.
F-stop scale
There is a measure of the entire F-Numbers here.
F/1 , F/1.4 , F/2 , F/2.8 , F/4 , F/5.6 , F/8 , F/11 , F/16 , F/22
These are called F-stops, and reduces the amount of light coming through the lens on each constant number to the right. Therefore, with each additional stop, someone will need to double the time to balance the shutter to balance the exposure.
On your system, this can show a third-off-a stop increment. These small stages enable more accurate control of the exposure.
F/1 – F/1.1 – F/1.2 – F/1.4 – F/1.6 – F/1.8 – F/2 – F/2.2 – F/2.5 – F/2.8 – F/3.2 – F/3.5 – F/4 – F/4.5 – F/5 – F/5.6 – F/6.3 – F/7.1 – F/8 – F/9 – F/10 – F/11 – F/13 – F/14 – F/16 – F/18 – F/20 – F/22
depth of field
The most important effect of aperture is how it replaces the amount of the picture that is acceptable. It is known as the “depth of the region”. As the size of the aperture decreases, the depth of the field increases, which allows the more, passed to the far, to the focus, to the focus.
Look at the following sequence of the same photo shot at one-stop interval starting with F/2.8.
You can see how the image intensifies with each gradual aperture stop.
Other ways to change the depth of the area
Aperture is not the only factor that affects the depth of the region. It will also be affected by changing its proximity to the subject. As you get closer, the depth of the area becomes shallow. Note how, in the following shot, the insect, which was less than 5 mm, is only partially in meditation.
Using the telephoto lens will show the image a shallow depth of the area compared to using a wide-angle lens.
This is where physics works for the benefit of a wildlife photographer. A wide aperture (low number) and a long focal length will give you a shallow depth of the area, which helps to separate the subject from the background. Then, that wide aperture will also give you a sharp shutter speed that you can stop any movement.
The important thing to remember about the depth of the region is that you need to decide how many pictures you want in the focus. There is no right or wrong here; It is completely subjective. Like the header image of this article, you can decide to blur the enough part of the background to add separation while maintaining the context. Alternatively, you can completely stain the background to eliminate any distraction.
A range of small aperture
When we shoot the landscape, we usually want sharpness throughout the image. Therefore, we need to use a small aperture to get more depth of the area. However, another area of physics comes in playing here, and you want to avoid small aperture. Fortunately, it is easy to understand.
The light travels in a straight line, but when it collides with one edge, it bends. With a wide aperture, most light passes through the lens away from the aperture blade. But as you reduce the aperture, a large proportion of light is hitting and scattered around the edges of the aperture. As a result, the light is not traveling in a straight line, and although the depth of the region increases, the image becomes soft.
Wrench
This does not follow the fact that the depth of the region increases continuously that you concentrate. A point comes when both the foreground and infinite are in the focus. If you focus beyond this, the infinity remains in focus, but not the foreground. The point at which you have the depth of the maximum area is called a hyperfocal distance. This, and the exact depth of the calculation of the region, are for future articles.
an exercise
For this exercise, I recommend the camera to be set in aperture priority mode. A clarification of this was in my previous article,
Repeatedly a picture of any stable subject, such as an ornament or coffee cup. Gently reduce the aperture size and observe the depth of the field with each shot. Repeat the experiment, but at different distances.
Use your zoom to adjust the focal length and inspect its effect.
Do you see what I have described above?
in conclusion
Large apertures (low F-Numbers) allow more light to pass through the lens. This results in sharp shutter speed. Large apertures also give a shallow depth of the region, as longer lens and closeness to the subject. All this is ideal for wildlife photography, where themes usually move quickly and you want to separate them from the background.
Conversely, small aperture contains high F-numbers. They let them go through low light, so the shutter remains open for long periods. They also give you more depth of the area. Using wide-angle lenses and retreating from the subject also gives you more depth. All this is very good for landscape photography.
Very small aperture will result in a soft image.
Next time
For my next article, I will examine the shutter speed and ISO, and how they affect the appearance of the picture. In the future, we will find out the focus and how the depth of the region affects. This is an ongoing series of articles designed to help you move with your photography skills portfolio step. The articles are progressive, with each building on the previous one. If you want to continue to learn, please follow me to receive future articles information.
